Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems

'Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems, known as FRES, are a classification system for defining ecosystems that was developed by the United States Forest Service as a management tool for lands under there control, primarily in the American West, but for the entire lower 48.[1] Thirty four ecosystems were defined for grasslands, forests and woodlands.[1]

Contents

Forest and woodland classification

Grassland classification

Alpine classification

Notes

  1. ^ a b Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, A. J.; Duncan, D. A.; Lewis, M. E.; and Smith, D. R. (1977) Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems (Forest Service Handbook Number 465) United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., OCLC 3359594